IP Addressing, Subnetting, and DNS
What is an IP Address?
An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique identifier assigned to every device connected to a network. It’s like a home address for computers — allowing them to send and receive data.
There are two main types of IP addresses:
What is Subnetting?
Subnetting is the process of dividing a large network into smaller networks (called subnets). This helps:
• Improve network performance
• Organize devices efficiently
• Enhance security by isolating segments
🔹 Example:
A company with IP range 192.168.1.0/24 can create:
• Subnet 1: 192.168.1.0/26 (for HR)
• Subnet 2: 192.168.1.64/26 (for DevOps)
• Subnet 3: 192.168.1.128/26 (for Testing)
Each subnet contains a limited number of IPs, making it easier to manage traffic and apply firewall rules.
Key Subnetting Concepts
What is DNS (Domain Name System)?
DNS is like the phonebook of the internet — it translates human-friendly domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses (like 142.250.64.78) that computers use.
🔹 How It Works:
1. You type example.com into a browser.
2. DNS resolves that name to the correct IP address.
3. Your device connects to the server using that IP.
Without DNS, you’d have to memorize IP addresses for every website.
DNS Record Types
